This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1899 Excerpt: ...be about equal; and in "steel through heat" the sap will have disappeared; whilst in the highest or "melting heat," the steel all through will have become highly crystalline. If the bars show signs of fusion or are "glazed" on the surface, the temperature has been too high; if air has obtained access the surfaces are ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1899 Excerpt: ...be about equal; and in "steel through heat" the sap will have disappeared; whilst in the highest or "melting heat," the steel all through will have become highly crystalline. If the bars show signs of fusion or are "glazed" on the surface, the temperature has been too high; if air has obtained access the surfaces are rough and the bars break with difficulty, owing to a skin of malleable iron having been formed; they are then said to be "aired." Theory of the Process.--Two points have to be considered--(1) The transference of the carbon into the iron; and (2) the cause of the blisters: --(1) As soon as the temperature rises high enough the oxygen in the air mixed with the charcoal will be converted into carbon monoxide. At a red heat iron is very porous to this gas, which, therefore, diffuses itself into the bars, and in contact? with the hot iron is dissociated into carbon dioxide and carbon, the latter being fixed by the iron, 200 = C02 + C. The carbon dioxide then diffuses out, and as it comes in contact with the hot carbon is reconverted into carbon monoxide, and so the process goes on. As soon as a certain amount of carbon has been deposited the carbon dioxide diffusing out tends to combine with the carbon, and so equilibrium is set up, no more carbon being deposited at that point, until, by the partial saturation of the iron beyond it, the amount of carbon dioxide passing is diminished; then the deposition of carbon can again go on, and so on, till, ultimately, if the process were not stopped, the metal would be converted into cast iron. (2) Wrought iron is never homogeneous, but contains scattered through it, particles of slag and oxide of iron. If a particle ol carbon be deposited in contact with a particle of f...
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Add this copy of An Elementary Text-book of Metallurgy to cart. $28.72, new condition, Sold by Ingram Customer Returns Center rated 5.0 out of 5 stars, ships from NV, USA, published 2022 by Legare Street Press.
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