This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1919 Excerpt: ...the galvanometer reading is zero. But the radiation heats the wire and thus increases its electrical resistance. This throws the bridge out of "balance," and the galvanometer needle is deflected through an angle which is proportional to the amount of the incident radiation. The late Secretary of the Smithsonian ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1919 Excerpt: ...the galvanometer reading is zero. But the radiation heats the wire and thus increases its electrical resistance. This throws the bridge out of "balance," and the galvanometer needle is deflected through an angle which is proportional to the amount of the incident radiation. The late Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Professor Langley, who perfected this method, showed that differences of temperature of even less than a millionth of a degree centigrade could be detected in this way. Laws of Radiation 274. By means of such methods as those just indicated two general results connecting radiation and temperature have been obtained. (i) Stefan-Boltzmann Law. It was first suggested by Stefan, afterwards predicted from theory by Boltzmann, and has been amply verified by experiment, that the total radiation (i.e. radiation of all wave lengths) of any perfectly black hot body is directly proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature. This statement is often spoken of as the "Fourthpower Law." Premising that the absolute scale of temperature begins with a zero 273 C. below that of melting ice, and denoting the total power radiated by E, this law may be expressed as follows: --E = C(t + 273)4 Stefan-Boltjimann Law. Eq. 95 where C is a constant throughout a wide range of temperatures, and t is the ordinary centigrade temperature of the body. (ii) Displacement Law. It has also been found that if the various radiations be separated, say by a prism, so that the different wave lengths are sent off in different directions, and if the radiation of each wave length be measured, that wave length at which the radiation is most intense becomes shorter and shorter as the temperature rises, a fact which is true for all bodies. And accurate...
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